Species #30: Golden Redhorse

I was shooting for Carp again. They have been surprisingly frustrating to catch.

Today was hot as heck—temperatures were in the upper 80s, with sustained winds of 20–35 mph. Still, I felt good about the day. In the morning, I cooked a nice meal of chicken paprikash and Brussels sprouts with bacon and onions. Then, in the afternoon, I met with my advisor from the Office of Staff Services to discuss and plan my retirement this October. With both of those tasks accomplished, I felt I had earned a little time to escape and do some fishing.

My first stop was Silver Lake, where Silver Creek enters the lake on the east side. Several people had reported catching carp there, so I thought it was worth a try. Unfortunately, I didn’t get a single bite. After about 30 minutes of sweltering heat and relentless wind, I decided to move on.

I headed downstream to the tailwaters below the Silver Lake dam. Once again, I targeted Carp using the same simple setup: 6-pound line, a light split shot, a size 8 hook, and a small piece of worm. Below the dam were a series of riffles, a run, and a deeper pool that looked promising.

Almost immediately, I started catching fish. The first was an average-sized Black Bullhead—not a new species for me, but always fun to catch. The next fish, however, was much more exciting. It turned out to be a Golden Redhorse, a species I had never caught before. It was a decent-sized fish and put up a respectable fight before coming to hand.

Golden Redhorse

The action continued for the remaining hour that I was there. I caught six more Black Bullheads and a Bluegill, but despite all the activity, I still failed to land a Carp.

That’s okay, though. I’m sure I’ll catch one eventually, and the Golden Redhorse made the trip worthwhile. Adding a new species to my list is always exciting.

Species #28: Brown Trout

I woke up at 4:30 a.m. and headed back to the Root River in Preston, hoping this would be the day I landed a Brown Trout (Salmo trutta). It took about 45 minutes to get there, and I was fishing by 6:00 a.m. It was a little chilly, but a really nice morning—sun, scattered clouds, almost no wind.

This stretch of the Root River is fairly narrow and probably not very deep. The night before, I’d seen some kids swimming in it, and they were often able to stand with their heads out of the water. I’d guess it’s about 30–40 feet across in most places. Still, it clearly holds fish. On earlier trips I had already caught Rainbow Trout, Common Shiner, Creek Chub, and White Sucker.

I started out throwing a couple of small inline Panther Martin spinners. I should have written down the exact size and colors, but didn’t. One was all silver, and the other had green, red, and silver—at least I think that’s what it was. Probably the next-to-smallest size. I made around 40 casts without a single bite. Eventually I decided that was enough persistence for one lure.

The water looked a bit murky, probably from heavy rains the day before, and I began to suspect the fish just weren’t seeing the spinners very well. Or possibly they were seeing them and choosing to ignore them—always another possibility. Either way, I switched back to the bottom rig that had worked well on my last two trips: 6 lb monofilament, 1/8 oz egg sinker, swivel, about a 12-inch leader, and a size 10 hook with a piece of worm.

The action was pretty slow, but then I finally caught a Brown Trout. Not a huge one, but a nice fish and, more importantly, a new species for me. I posted it to iNaturalist and, I’ll admit, kept checking back waiting for confirmation. About eight hours later someone confirmed that it was a Brown Trout. I also picked up another Common Shiner along the way.

Brown Trout

After that, I switched things up and headed over to the Mississippi River to try for Bowfin. That’s a completely different game—different rod, different rig, different mindset. No luck this time, but that’s probably a story for another day when I actually catch one.

With the Brown Trout, I’ve now completed the trout “triumvirate”: Rainbow, Brook, and Brown. I’ve caught Rainbow in Minnesota and Washington, Brook in Washington, and now Brown in Minnesota. Next on the list are Lake Trout, Splake, and Tiger trout—because apparently there is always another fish to chase, and apparently I am fine with waking up at 4:30 a.m. to do it.

Species #27 Common Shiner

I went to the South Fork of the Root River in Preston, Minnesota this afternoon and evening hoping to catch a Brown Trout for my species list. I used the same bottom rig I had the other night, baited with a bit of worm. Once again, I ended up with something different—LOL. I landed a nice Rainbow Trout and hooked a couple more fish that I couldn’t bring in. One of those might have been a Brown Trout, but I can’t say for sure. I stayed from about 5:30 to 8:30 p.m., getting occasional bites, though I missed most of the hooksets. Just as I was about to call it a night, I caught one last fish that I suspected might be something new, but I wasn’t sure what it was.

Common Shiner

iNaturalist identified it as a Common Shiner, which immediately made me wonder what exactly that was. A little research cleared things up. Shiners are part of the Minnow family (Cyprinidae), the largest family of freshwater fish in North America. The Common Shiner (Luxilus cornutus) is one of the more widespread species and is typically found in clear streams with moderate current—exactly the kind of water I was fishing. They usually have a silvery body with a darker back and tend to grow to about 2–6 inches. The one I caught was right around 6 inches.

I also learned that while all shiners are minnows, not all minnows are shiners. “Minnow” is a broad term that includes shiners, daces, and chubs, among others, while “Shiner” generally refers to these small, silvery, often schooling fish. Common shiners are a bit more robust than some of the other shiner species and can be an important forage fish for larger predators. Overall, it was a fitting and interesting catch for that stretch of river—even if I’m still looking for that Brown Trout.


River vs. Stream: What’s the Real Difference?

Have you ever wondered whether there’s a real difference between a river and a stream? While fishing one day, I found myself asking exactly that question. My initial thought was that a river is just a bigger stream. That’s partly true—but it’s a little more complicated than that.

In the strictest sense, stream is a general term for any flowing body of water, while a river is simply a large stream. In other words, all rivers are streams, but not all streams are rivers. The point at which a stream becomes a river isn’t fixed—it’s somewhat subjective and often depends on regional usage.

A useful analogy is roads: a stream is like any road, from a small street to a highway, whereas a river is more like a major highway. An even better analogy, though, is a tree. Small headwater streams are like the tiniest twigs; as they join together, they form larger branches, and eventually a main trunk. In this sense, a river is the trunk of the tree, fed by an entire network of smaller branches upstream.

Hydrologists take a more systematic approach using the Strahler stream order system. In this system:

  • 1st-order streams are the smallest channels with no tributaries and are often headwaters.
  • 2nd-order streams form when two 1st-order streams meet.
  • 3rd-order streams form when two 2nd-order streams meet, and so on.

Using this classification:

  • Low-order streams (1–3) are what most people think of as streams, creeks, or brooks.
  • Mid-order streams (4–6) are transitional and are often locally called rivers.
  • High-order streams (7+), such as the Mississippi River (around 10th order), are large rivers.

So, who cares?

For anglers, this actually matters. Stream order correlates strongly with habitat type, water conditions, and fish communities. In many cases, the size and order of a stream are good predictors of the kinds of fish you’ll find there:

  • 1st–2nd order streams (tiny headwaters):
    Cold, shallow, and shaded; typically home to small trout and minnows.
  • 3rd–5th order streams (small rivers/creeks):
    More stable flow with moderate depth; commonly hold trout, smallmouth bass, and panfish.
  • 6th-order and higher (large rivers):
    Deeper, slower, and warmer waters; support species like walleye, catfish, pike, and largemouth bass.

As stream order increases, you generally move from small, cold-water species to larger, warm-water fish.

Species #25 and 26: River Chub and White Sucker

This afternoon I went to Rushford to try to catch Redhorse species and White Sucker at the Root River canoe drop-off on the south side of town. I used a simple bottom rig: 6 lb monofilament, 1/8‑oz sinker, 6 mm bead, size 10 barrel swivel, and about 18 inches of 6 lb leader with a size 8 hook, baited with roughly a 1/2‑inch piece of earthworm. No bites. I gave up after about 45 minutes.

I then drove to Preston to try for Brown Trout on the South Branch of the Root River. Because I was feeling a bit lazy I decided to stick with the same bottom rig for a while before switching to an inline spinner. I was surprised when I quickly caught a decent-sized, beautifully colored Rainbow Trout on the bottom rig. It put up a respectable fight.

A little later I reeled in a ~3-inch River Chub (Nocomis micropogon)—a new species for me—which gave no fight (not surprising given its size). I didn’t even realize it was on the line until I pulled it in.

River Chub

About 20 minutes later I caught a solid (~12-inch) White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii), also a new species. Interestingly, it put up very little fight given its size. The White Sucker’s lips look like those of someone who’s had a bit too much Botox.

White Sucker
White Sucker (close up of lips)

I never did get around to using the inline spinner before I had to quit for the day. Perhaps I would have picked up a Brown Trout if I had.

So far, in terms of fight relative to size, I would rank Bluegill, Smallmouth Bass, and Trout as the best fighters. Channel Catfish also fight well, but they’ve been larger fish, so that’s somewhat expected. The least impressive fighters for their size have been White Sucker, Bullheads, and Northern Hog Sucker.

A little reading suggests that bottom-feeding fish often don’t “fight” as dramatically on hook and line because they’re built for steady, near-bottom living rather than quick bursts of speed. Their bodies and behavior favor slow cruising and endurance, so instead of explosive runs or jumps, they tend to pull steadily and hug the bottom—resulting in a more stubborn but less flashy fight compared with fast-moving predator species.

River Chub are apparently among the most common fishes in North American streams and are important prey for larger fish. They are often used as bait by anglers targeting bass and catfish. Their presence is also considered a good indicator of water quality, as they are relatively intolerant of pollution, turbidity, and siltation, and typically require a pH of at least ~6.0.

White Suckers are bottom feeders that use their fleshy lips to vacuum up sediments and the organisms within them. They are opportunistic feeders, consuming small invertebrates, algae, and plant material. In turn, they are prey for a wide range of larger fish including Walleye, Trout, Bass, Pike, and Muskie.

Species #23 and 24: Black Bullhead and Northern Hog Sucker


This afternoon I returned to Northfield to try again for the huge Carp I failed to land Monday evening in the Cannon River tailwaters below Ames Dam. Once again, things didn’t go as planned in terms of targeting Common Carp—but I still managed to add a new species to my list.

Given how underpowered my medium-light rod and small hooks felt earlier in the week, I switched to heavier gear: a heavy rod, 30 lb braid main line, a 2 oz flat weight (which holds well in the current), 6mm bead, barrel swivel, and a ~20-inch 17 lb monofilament leader. I began with a 2/0 Octopus hook, then downsized to size 1. I tied the braid to the swivel with a Palomar knot, the swivel to the leader with a Trilene knot, and the hook with another Trilene knot. It was my first time using both knots, and I found it satisfying to learn them.

I arrived around 4:30 pm and fished until sunset (about 9 pm). The afternoon was mostly sunny, with a few light sprinkles late that I actually enjoyed. Fishing makes you very aware of the weather—the changing light through the evening was especially nice.

I didn’t catch a carp, but I did land two small Bullhead and a large, feisty Bluegill. The Bluegill fought hard; in contrast, with the heavy sinker and rod, I barely detected the Bullheads until reeling them in.

I couldn’t determine which Bullhead species they were, but I’ve since learned the key feature is the chin barbels: yellow bullhead have pale barbels, while brown and black have dark ones. Brown and black can be further distinguished by anal fin rays and coloration—brown are mottled with 21–24 rays, while black are darker and more uniform with 17–21. Tail shape and habitat provide additional clues. Next time I’ll pay closer attention.

[Update: the Bullhead was later confirmed as a Black Bullhead (Ameiurus melas) on iNaturalist]

Black Bullhead
Black Bullhead

As sunset approached, I felt some disappointment—not having caught a carp or added a species (Update: apparently I had caught a new species, a Black Bullhead with iNaturalist update). But on my final cast I hooked a modest fish I hadn’t even realized was on the line. My initial impression was that it was a Redhorse species, which would have been a new species. However, iNaturalist (confirmed by two observers) identified it as a Northern Hog Sucker—still a new addition.

Northern Hog Sucker

There’s a pub, Froggy Bottoms, right along the promenade by Ames Dam where I was fishing. People passed by on their way in, occasionally asking how things were going. One man was surprised I was targeting carp, given their reputation, but understood when I explained their size and fighting ability. I also admitted I was after them for my species list.

Northern Hog Suckers and Redhorse belong to the same family (Catostomidae). They aren’t especially attractive fish, but they play important ecological roles—moving nutrients, supporting food webs, and stabilizing benthic habitats. In many systems, they function as keystone species.

Carp, by contrast, belong to a different family. Although they look similar and share bottom-feeding habits, this reflects convergent evolution rather than close relation. Carp have barbels and more complex pharyngeal teeth and are omnivorous, whereas suckers lack barbels and tend to specialize on invertebrates.

In the end, it was a good outing. I added a new species—the Northern Hog Sucker—and deepened my understanding of both suckers and carp.

Lesson Learned #1: Make Sure Your Rod and Line Fit The Fish

I went to Northfield, MN this evening to try to catch Shortnose Redhorse, which are supposedly common in the Cannon River just below the Ames Mill Dam in downtown Northfield which is one-hour northwest of Rochester. Northfield is known for its two colleges—Carleton and St. Olaf—which add to the charm of the town.

Ames Mill Dam

My strategy for redhorse was to use a split-sinker rig with the weight about 12 inches above a hook baited with a nightcrawler, cast into the riffles below the dam. The key is not to use too heavy a sinker—you don’t want it sitting on the bottom when targeting redhorse.

I was NOT catching redhorse, but I noticed numerous large Common Carp roiling in the water just below me.

Curious, I decided to let my bait hang over the side, close to the bottom, to see if I might get a bite from one of them.

Pretty soon I hooked a decent-sized fish. Initially, I thought it might be a carp—which I still need for my life list—but it turned out to be another Freshwater Drum. Those darn Freshwater Drum seem to be everywhere.

Still, I kept fishing, hoping to land one of those large carp.

Before long, I did hook one—and it was a fighter. I managed to battle it for about 20–30 seconds before it slipped away.

Shortly after that, a boy of about 14 who was fishing with his parents hooked a similarly large—perhaps even larger—carp. Unlike me, he clearly had experience. He played the fish skillfully, walking up and down the promenade along the west bank of the river to control it. He fought it for about five minutes before it finally got away.

As the evening went on, I hooked two more very large carp. In both cases, the moment I tried to bring them in, they snapped my 6-pound monofilament line.

It became obvious that there was no way I was going to land these fish with a medium-light rod spooled with 6-pound test.

Ironically, I had just purchased a heavy rod for catching flathead catfish—but had left it at home.

So I plan to return to Northfield soon (perhaps this weekend), but this time better prepared. I’ll bring the heavier rod, along with a reel spooled with at least 20-pound test line. I’ll also need a long-handled net that can reach over the 3–4 foot wall that lines the river, since the water itself is another four feet below that.

Still, I’m excited—I now know where to catch large carp. I just need to bring the right equipment.

And of course, I’ll also be back to try for more redhorse.

Species #21 and 22: Brook and Coastal Cutthroat Trout

It is funny how my fishing plans never turn out as planned. This morning I was going to try to catch Largescale Sucker and Brown Bullhead fish and instead I caught a Largemouth Bass (not a new species for me) and a Brook and Coastal Cutthroat Trout.

I started by fishing at Rattlesnake Lake at about 6 am in attempt to catch Largescale Sucker fish with a bottom rig (1/8 ounce egg sinker, small barrel swivel, about 12-inches of four-pound leader, and size 6 hook with bit of earthworm). I got no bites and so by 8am I gave up and headed to Lake Alice in an attempt to catch Brown Bullhead. That might have been futile since I am not sure that was the right habitat to catch Brown Bullhead. Instead, I caught a small Largemouth Bass.

After about 45 minutes at Lake Alice I headed to Plum #1 River Access Point about five miles away on the Snoqualmie River thinking of bottom fishing for suckers. Again, I think misguided since I think it might have been better for trout. There was a beautiful side pool and I fished that with the same bottom rig described above. I kept on losing the rig to snags. Eventually I thought to myself this might be a pretty good place to catch a trout (and not a bottom fish) and so I tied on a 1/8 Kastmaster spoon lure (silver and red) and after about 5 casts I hooked a trout which fought me pretty well and turned out to be a beautiful Brook Trout.

Brook Trout

I tried that lure a few more times but then lost it to a snag. I then switched to a small white in line spinner and that led to no bites and was also eventualy lost to a snag. Finally, I thought, ‘why not try a bobber and worm in the pool?’ I set it up, cast it out, and within a minute hooked another fish. I wasn’t sure what it was, so I posted it to iNaturalist, and the AI identified it as a Coastal Cutthroat Trout. That was exciting, since I had been trying all week to catch that endemic species. About an hour later, someone confirmed the ID on iNaturalist.

Coastal Cutthroat Trout


So, overall, a very successful morning—and my species count went up by two.

Territory covered for the day

Species #20: Rainbow Trout

Got up early again—5 a.m. I haven’t been getting much sleep this week thanks to my fishing obsession. But you’ve got to strike while the iron is hot—I’m only in Washington for a few weeks before returning to work.

I hadn’t had much luck west of the Cascades (Seattle, Westport), so I hoped things might turn around east of the Cascades. One bonus: far less traffic. My main targets for the day were trout (rainbow, steelhead, and brown) and pikeminnow.

I started at Lavender Lake, about 10 miles west of Cle Elum, since Luke had caught a lot of rainbow trout there a week or two earlier. On my very first cast—using a 1/8-ounce blue-and-silver Kastmaster—I hooked a fish, but it came off. I fished for another 30 minutes with various lures and got no bites, even though I could see fish in the water.

So, I headed to Ellensburg to pick up fresh bait—earthworms, which I know rainbow trout love. It took a frustratingly long time to find a place that sold worms, but I eventually found some at Bi-Mart. A guy I know (Copilot) suggested Mattoon Lake on the southwest side of Ellensburg as a nearby trout spot, so I gave it a try.

The lake had a nice pier. Even though I now had worms, I stuck with the Kastmaster for a few casts since it was already tied on. On about the fifth cast, I got a strong bite and landed a modest-sized Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

A man in his 40s who had been fishing from a small boat came in just as I was landing the fish and congratulated me. He then began fishing from the pier. He told me about a “foolproof” rig an older gentleman (around 70) had shown him—a drop-shot setup with a pencil sinker at the end and a small artificial bait tied above it. It seemed to work for him, but (not to be smug) I was catching fish at a much higher rate. I landed five rainbow trout in about 30 minutes.

After the fifth fish, I decided to move on in search of other species—specifically brown trout and pikeminnow. As I left, I wondered if the others were puzzled why I would walk away while the fishing was so good. In retrospect, perhaps I should have stayed—those ended up being the only fish I caught all day.

From there, I drove down the somewhat austere but still beautiful Yakima River Canyon, hoping to find cutthroat or brown trout. I stopped at a few pullouts but didn’t get any bites. After exiting the canyon near Yakima, I went in search of backwaters along the Yakima River, targeting Northern Pikeminnow—a species I hadn’t caught before.

Northern Pikeminnow are widely disliked because they prey on salmon eggs and harm salmon populations. In fact, there’s even a bounty program that rewards anglers for catching and removing them. Despite that reputation, I was interested in adding one to my list.

I spent the afternoon trying to access suitable backwaters, but access proved difficult. Hopefully I’ll have another chance to try later this week.